Nutritional management of the patient with end-stage renal diseaseCase Study: dialysis case ;protein –energy wasting and comorbidities disease
Safia S. Elramli Abstract : This case study focuses on the nutritional management of a 65-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to long-standing, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient has been maintained on hemodialysis for three years and presents with progressive unintentional weight loss, muscle wasting, chronic inflammation, and multiple comorbid