Safia S. Elramli

Abstract :

This case study focuses on the nutritional management of a 65-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to long-standing, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient has been maintained on hemodialysis for three years and presents with progressive unintentional weight loss, muscle wasting, chronic inflammation, and multiple comorbid conditions including hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Clinical assessment indicates significant protein-energy wasting (PEW), fluid overload, intradialytic hypotension, and reduced appetite.

The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive nutritional assessment and individualized dietary planning to manage malnutrition-inflammation syndrome in dialysis patients. Key management strategies include optimizing protein and energy intake, controlling fluid and electrolyte balance, managing gastrointestinal symptoms affecting food intake, and providing continuous follow-up to ensure adherence and clinical stability. Effective collaboration between dietitians, nephrologists, and the patient is essential to prevent further nutritional decline, improve functional status, and enhance quality of life.