(1) Hala Hammadi

(2) Mohammed Ejresh

(3) Alya Amer Rahi

Abstract :

  Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium known for its capacity to resist multiple antibiotics, particularly quinolones, through both inherent and acquired mechanisms. Quinolone resistance primarily arises from mutations in chromosomal genes like gyrA and parC, as well as through the presence of plasmid-encoded qnr genes. These factors reduce the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone treatments, complicating clinical management. A thorough understanding of these genetic resistance determinants, chromosomal and plasmid-associated, is vital for guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy choices.